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As of patch 5.3, you no longer need to be revered with the Golden Lotus to unlock Shado-Pan and The August Celestials.

Patch 5.4 changes:

"For those continuing their adventures within the Vale, there remains little evidence of the grand pagoda where the Golden Lotus once set heroes to task. No longer do they stand in watch against the mogu, and their enemies have spread even farther into the Vale. There is a way to continue earning reputation with these stalwart defenders, though. By killing many of the creatures within the Vale and taking on rare monsters, you’ll continue to earn reputation and Guo-Lai cache keys to unlock treasure chests within the ruins." -- from Destruction of the Vale

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General
The sha corruption has become widespread in the Vale. The Golden Pagoda and the exterior of  Mogu'shan Palace have been destroyed.

Quests
All non-achievement related quests have been removed, and those remaining have been relocated to Setting Sun Garrison.
Reputation with the Golden Lotus can still be obtained in the following ways:

• Dungeon/scenario rep bonus
• Work Order: Golden Lotus II
• Killing sha creatures in the Vale
•  Stolen Golden Lotus Insignia
• Killing the rare mobs (see section below)

Creatures

• The NPCs for  One Many Army are now rare spawns located in various parts of the Vale.
• Jaluu the Generous can be found at each faction's Shrine.

The spirits of Rook Stonetoe, He Softfoot, and Sun Tenderheart comprise the boss "The Fallen Protectors" for the  Siege of Orgrimmar raid.

Achievements

•  Eternally in the Vale has been converted to a Feat of Strength.

The Ancient Guo-Lai Cache Key is nice for gaining additional reputation with Golden Lotus, but it has a very low drop rate. I'd advise sticking to the dailies offered and moving on if you haven't gotten the key in the course of completing them.